MicroRNA

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules, typically about 22 nucleotides long, that play a critical role in regulating gene expression. Found in plants, animals, and some viruses, miRNAs function by binding to complementary sequences on messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, usually resulting in gene silencing. This binding leads to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation, effectively controlling protein production. MiRNAs are involved in various cellular processes including development, differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. Because of their regulatory impact, they are also implicated in numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders. Understanding miRNAs offers insights into molecular biology and potential therapeutic targets for genetic and acquired diseases.