Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures, caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects individuals of all ages and can result from genetic factors, brain injury, or unknown causes. Epileptic seizures vary in type and severity, from brief lapses in attention to full-body convulsions, impacting daily life and requiring careful management. Common types of epilepsy include focal, generalized, and absence seizures, each affecting different parts of the brain and manifesting distinct symptoms. Although there is no cure for epilepsy, treatments like anti-seizure medications (such as sodium channel blockers, GABA enhancers, and calcium channel blockers) help manage seizure frequency and intensity. In certain cases, dietary changes, neurostimulation, and surgery may also be effective. Research into new therapies, including genetic, immunologic, and neuroprotective treatments, offers hope for improved care and quality of life for epilepsy patients. With proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many people with epilepsy lead fulfilling lives. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are essential in controlling epilepsy and minimizing its impact on health and well-being.