Conversion of glucose to fructose over Sn and Ga-doped zeolite Y in methanol and water media

Author:Mohamed M.M. KashborDedi SutarmaJames RailtonNaoko SanoPeter J. CumpsonDiego GianolioGiannantonio CibinLuke ForsterCarmine D’AgostinoXi LiuLiwei ChenVolkan DegirmenciMarco Conte

Journal:

Applied Catalysis A, General 642(2022)118689

Abstract:In this study, we use zeolite Y as a support for the synthesis of Sn and Ga doped zeolites aimed at the isomerization of glucose to fructose. Though these materials are inactive in water, they are active in methanol and we could ascertain a reaction pathway involving a hydride shift for the interconversion of glucose to fructose and mannose, and a Br?nsted acid pathway with the formation of a methyl fructoside intermediate and its hydrolysis to fructose if water was added afterwards. By using characterizations comprising: chemisorption, XPS, XRD,HAADF-STEM and EXAFS; it was possible to demonstrate that a straightforward impregnation protocol for the preparation of our catalysts, led to Sn/Y mainly consisting of small SnO2 clusters on the external surface of the zeolite, whereas Ga/Y consisting of highly dispersed Ga species mostly inside the zeolite pores; and a catalytic activity that appears to be dominated by Br?nsted acid site.

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