Theobromine

• CAT Number: R009241
• CAS Number: 83-67-0
• Molecular Formula: C7H8N4O2
• Molecular Weight: 180.2
• Purity: ≥95%
• Storage: Room Temperature
• IUPAC Name: 3,7-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione
• InChI: InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-3-8-5-4(10)6(12)9-7(13)11(5)2/h3H,1-2H3,(H,9,12,13)
• InChIKey: YAPQBXQYLJRXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• SMILES: CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2C

Theobromine（Cat No.:R009241）, is a bitter alkaloid compound found naturally in cocoa beans, tea leaves, and some other plants. It is a close chemical relative to caffeine and is known for its stimulant properties. Theobromine is a vasodilator, which means it can widen blood vessels and stimulate the heart. While it has a less stimulating effect on the central nervous system compared to caffeine, it can provide a mild energy boost. Theobromine is also a diuretic and can have a mild bronchodilatory effect. It is used in various medicines and dietary supplements and is known to have potential health benefits, including its role as a cardiovascular stimulant and antioxidant.

Reference

1:The effects of fluoride, strontium, theobromine and their combinations on caries lesion rehardening and fluoridation. Lippert F.Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Apr 20;80:217-221. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.022. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 28458181 2:An acute intake of theobromine does not change postprandial lipid metabolism, whereas a high-fat meal lowers chylomicron particle number. Smolders L, Mensink RP, Plat J.Nutr Res. 2017 Apr;40:85-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Apr 2. PMID: 28438412 3:Theobromine Upregulates Osteogenesis by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro and Accelerates Bone Development in Rats. Clough BH, Ylostalo J, Browder E, McNeill EP, Bartosh TJ, Rawls HR, Nakamoto T, Gregory CA.Calcif Tissue Int. 2017 Mar;100(3):298-310. doi: 10.1007/s00223-016-0215-6. Epub 2016 Dec 2. PMID: 27913821 4:Theobromine up-regulates cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor and facilitates motor learning in mice. Yoneda M, Sugimoto N, Katakura M, Matsuzaki K, Tanigami H, Yachie A, Ohno-Shosaku T, Shido O.J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Jan;39:110-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Oct 8. PMID: 27833051 5:Theobromine-Induced Changes in A1 Purinergic Receptor Gene Expression and Distribution in a Rat Brain Alzheimer/’s Disease Model. Mendiola-Precoma J, Padilla K, Rodríguez-Cruz A, Berumen LC, Miledi R, García-Alcocer G.J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;55(3):1273-1283. PMID: 27792010 6:Salinivibrio costicola GL6, a Novel Isolated Strain for Biotransformation of Caffeine to Theobromine Under Hypersaline Conditions. Ashengroph M.Curr Microbiol. 2017 Jan;74(1):34-41. doi: 10.1007/s00284-016-1148-z. Epub 2016 Oct 19. PMID: 27761618 7:High-flavanol and high-theobromine versus low-flavanol and low-theobromine chocolate to improve uterine artery pulsatility index: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Bujold E, Leblanc V, Lavoie-Lebel É, Babar A, Girard M, Poungui L, Blanchet C, Marc I, Lemieux S, Belkacem A, Sidi EL, Dodin S.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Oct 3:1-6. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1236250. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27696933 8:Control of methylxanthines in the competition horse: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies on caffeine, theobromine and theophylline for the assessment of irrelevant concentrations. Machnik M, Kaiser S, Koppe S, Kietzmann M, Schenk I, Düe M, Thevis M, Schänzer W, Toutain PL.Drug Test Anal. 2016 Sep 23. doi: 10.1002/dta.2097. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 27662634 9:Assessment of flavanol stereoisomers and caffeine and theobromine content in commercial chocolates. Alañón ME, Castle SM, Siswanto PJ, Cifuentes-Gómez T, Spencer JP.Food Chem. 2016 Oct 1;208:177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.116. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID: 27132838 10:Determination of the Antiproliferative Activity of New Theobromine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Hepatotoxic Effects. Georgieva M, Kondeva-Burdina M, Mitkov J, Tzankova V, Momekov G, Zlatkov A.Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2016;16(7):925-32. PMID: 26567622