Levamisole

• CAT Number: M063384
• CAS Number: 14769-73-4
• Molecular Formula: C11H12N2S
• Molecular Weight: 204.291
• Purity: ≥95%
• Storage: Store at -20°C
• IUPAC Name: (6S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole
• InChI: InChI=1S/C11H12N2S/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10/h1-5,10H,6-8H2/t10-/m1/s1
• InChIKey: HLFSDGLLUJUHTE-SNVBAGLBSA-N
• SMILES: C1CSC2=NC(CN21)C3=CC=CC=C3

Levamisole is a medication used to treat parasitic worm infections. It has also been studied as a method to stimulate the immune system as part of the treatment of cancer. Levamisole remains in veterinary use as a dewormer for livestock. It is on the World Health Organization/’s List of Essential Medicines.

Reference

1:Levamisole as an Adjuvant to Short-Course Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Shamkuwar CA, Meshram SH, Mahakalkar SM.Adv Biomed Res. 2017 Mar 28;6:37. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.203162. eCollection 2017. PMID: 28516071 2:Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Pahor-Filho E, Castillo ASC, Pereira NL, Pilarski F, Urbinati EC.Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2017 Jun;65:96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 8. PMID: 28400215 3:Extensive levamisole-induced vasculitis. Desvignes C, Becquart C, Launay D, Terriou L, Patenotre P, Deheul S, Peytavin G, Dupin N, Delaporte E, Staumont-Sallé D.Clin Exp Dermatol. 2017 Apr 10. doi: 10.1111/ced.13085. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 28397288 4:Levamisole-induced Necrosis Syndrome: Presentation and Management. Fredericks C, Yon JR, Alex G, Morton M, Messer T, Bokhari F, Poulakidas S.Wounds. 2017 Mar;29(3):71-76. PMID: 28355139 5:Adverse effects of levamisole in cocaine users: a review and risk assessment. Brunt TM, van den Berg J, Pennings E, Venhuis B.Arch Toxicol. 2017 Jun;91(6):2303-2313. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-1947-4. Epub 2017 Mar 17. Review. PMID: 28314885 6:Efficacy of higher-dose levamisole in maintaining remission in steroid-dependant nephrotic syndrome. Abeyagunawardena AS, Karunadasa U, Jayaweera H, Thalgahagoda S, Tennakoon S, Abeyagunawardena S.Pediatr Nephrol. 2017 Mar 15. doi: 10.1007/s00467-017-3616-5. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 28299461 7:Anthelmintic effect of Psidium guajava and Tagetes erecta on wild-type and Levamisole-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans strains. Piña-Vázquez DM, Mayoral-Peña Z, Gómez-Sánchez M, Salazar-Olivo LA, Arellano-Carbajal F.J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Apr 18;202:92-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28286043 8:Confirmed case of levamisole-associated multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in a cocaine user. Vitt JR, Brown EG, Chow DS, Josephson SA.J Neuroimmunol. 2017 Apr 15;305:128-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.018. Epub 2017 Feb 2. PMID: 28284332 9:In vitro immunomodulatory effects of microemulsions with levamisole delivery systems on blood phagocytes interacting with Giardia lamblia. Hernandes MR, Moraes LC, Ribeiro EB, Fagundes DL, Honorio-França AC, França EL.Parasitol Int. 2017 Jun;66(3):299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 28. PMID: 28257952 10:A role for muscarinic receptors in neutrophil extracellular trap formation and levamisole-induced autoimmunity. Carmona-Rivera C, Purmalek MM, Moore E, Waldman M, Walter PJ, Garraffo HM, Phillips KA, Preston KL, Graf J, Kaplan MJ, Grayson PC.JCI Insight. 2017 Feb 9;2(3):e89780. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.89780. PMID: 28194438 Free PMC Article