Coenzyme Q10

• CAT Number: R006886
• CAS Number: 303-98-0
• Molecular Formula: C59H90O4
• Molecular Weight: 863.365
• Purity: ≥95%
• Storage: 3 years -20C powder
• IUPAC Name: 2-[(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E,22E,26E,30E,34E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39-decamethyltetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38-decaenyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
• InChI: InChI=1S/C59H90O4/c1-44(2)24-15-25-45(3)26-16-27-46(4)28-17-29-47(5)30-18-31-48(6)32-19-33-49(7)34-20-35-50(8)36-21-37-51(9)38-22-39-52(10)40-23-41-53(11)42-43-55-54(12)56(60)58(62-13)59(63-14)57(55)61/h24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42H,15-23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43H2,1-14H3/b45-26+,46-28+,47-30+,48-32+,49-34+,50-36+,51-38+,52-40+,53-42+
• InChIKey: ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N
• SMILES: CC1=C(C(=O)C(=C(C1=O)OC)OC)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C

Coenzyme Q10(CAT: R006886) is a naturally occurring compound that is found in the body and in many foods. CoQ10 is available as a dietary supplement and is sometimes used as a treatment for a variety of conditions, including heart disease, high blood pressure, and migraines. It is also sometimes used as a performance-enhancing supplement by athletes, as it is believed to improve exercise performance and reduce muscle damage.

Overview of Clinical Research

Originator: Eisai Co Ltd; Enzymatic Therapy; Nonindustrial source; Pharma Nord; Tishcon Corporation
Developer: Enzymatic Therapy; Pharma Nord; Tishcon Corporation
Class: Antihyperlipidaemics; Antineoplastics; Benzoquinones; Cardiotonics; Cardiovascular therapies; Coenzymes; Small molecules
Mechanism of Action: Antioxidants; Immunomodulators
Orphan Drug Status: Yes – Huntington's disease
New Molecular Entity: No

Reference

[1]. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014 Jan 1;19:619-33. doi: 10.2741/4231.
Clinical applications of coenzyme Q10.
Garrido-Maraver J(1), Cordero MD(2), Oropesa-Avila M(1), Vega AF(1), de la Mata M(1), Pavon AD(1), Alcocer-Gomez E(1), Calero CP(1), Paz MV(1), Alanis M(1), de Lavera I(1), Cotan D(1), Sanchez-Alcazar JA(1).
Author information: (1)Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013, Spain. (2)Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41009, Spain.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or ubiquinone was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics as electron and proton carrier; later studies demonstrated its presence in other cellular membranes and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These two functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical indication of CoQ10. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ10 affects expression of genes involved in human cell signalling, metabolism and transport and some of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, ageing-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also a secondary effect of statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, fibromyalgia, muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels. CoQ10 treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption and tissue distribution. Oral CoQ10 treatment is a frequent mitochondrial energizer and antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit.
DOI: 10.2741/4231 PMID: 24389208

[2]. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2018;14(3):164-174. doi: 10.2174/1573403X14666180416115428.
Coenzyme Q10 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Current State of the Problem.
Zozina VI(1), Covantev S(2), Goroshko OA(3), Krasnykh LM(3), Kukes VG(1).
Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation. (2)Laboratory of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy «Nicolae Testemitanu», Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of. (3)Federal State Budgetary Institution "Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medical Products" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increasing with every year. Although the management of these conditions has improved greatly over the years, it is still far from perfect. With all of this in mind, there is a need for new methods of prophylaxis and treatment. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound of the human body. There is growing evidence that CoQ10 is tightly linked to cardiometabolic disorders. Its supplementation can be useful in a variety of chronic and acute disorders. This review analyses the role of CoQ10 in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, viral myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, cardiac toxicity, dyslipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiac procedures and resuscitation.
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X14666180416115428 PMCID: PMC6131403 PMID: 29663894

[3]. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1178:103-112. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_6.
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Fibrosis and Aging.
Hargreaves IP(1), Mantle D(2).
Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores, Liverpool, UK. . (2)Pharma Nord (UK) Ltd, Morpeth, Newcastle, UK.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like substance which functions as an electron carrier within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as serving as an important intracellular antioxidant. Most of the body's CoQ10 requirements are met by endogenous synthesis, although the capacity for CoQ10 production decreases substantially with increasing age. In this article we have reviewed the potential role of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of tissue fibrosis, which has been implicated in the age-related loss of function of various organs including the heart. Clinical studies have indicated that CoQ10 supplementation may decrease the level of cardiovascular fibrosis to which older individuals are subjected, and thereby improve cardiovascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular associated mortality. Although the factors responsible for the anti-fibrotic action of CoQ10 have yet to be fully elucidated, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are thought to be major contributors to its clinical efficacy in the treatment of this age-related disorder.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_6 PMID: 31493224

[4]. Drug Ther Bull. 2015 May;53(5):54-6. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2015.5.0325.
Coenzyme Q10 and statin-related myopathy.
[No authors listed]
Statins inhibit the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is involved in the production of mevalonic acid in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. This pathway also results in the production of other bioactive molecules including coenzyme Q10 (also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone). Coenzyme Q10 is a naturally-occurring coenzyme with antioxidant effects that is involved in electron transport in mitochondria and is thought to play a role in energy transfer in skeletal muscle. Muscle-related problems are a frequently reported adverse effect of statins, and it has been hypothesised that a reduced endogenous coenzyme Q10 concentration is a cause of statin-induced myopathy. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation has therefore been proposed to reduce the adverse muscular effects sometimes seen with statins. Here, we consider whether coenzyme Q10 has a place in the management of statin-induced myopathy.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2015.5.0325 PMID: 25977402

[5]. Biofactors. 2008;32(1-4):199-208. doi: 10.1002/biof.5520320124.
Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).
Hidaka T(1), Fujii K, Funahashi I, Fukutomi N, Hosoe K.
Author information: (1)Functional Food Ingredients Division, Healthcare Products Business Unit, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring component present in living cells. Its physiological function is to act as an essential cofactor for ATP production, and to perform important antioxidant activities in the body. In most countries, CoQ10 has been widely used as a dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Recently, the use of CoQ10 as a dietary supplement has grown with a corresponding increase in daily dosage. The present review describes the safety profile of CoQ10 on the basis of animal and human data. The published reports concerning safety studies indicate that CoQ10 has low toxicity and does not induce serious adverse effects in humans. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 12mg/kg/day, calculated from the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 1200 mg/kg/day derived from a 52-week chronic toxicity study in rats, i.e., 720 mg/day for a person weighing 60 kg. Risk assessment for CoQ10 based on various clinical trial data indicates that the observed safety level (OSL) for CoQ10 is 1200 mg/day/person. Evidence from pharmacokinetic studies suggest that exogenous CoQ10 does not influence the biosynthesis of endogenous CoQ9/CoQ10 nor does it accumulate into plasma or tissues after cessation of supplementation. Overall, these data from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that CoQ10 is highly safe for use as a dietary supplement. Additionally, analysis of CoQ10 bioavailability or its pharmacokinetics provides the pertinent safety evaluation for CoQ10.
DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520320124 PMID: 19096117