Almitrine

• CAT Number: I001775
• CAS Number: 27469-53-0
• Molecular Formula: C26H29F2N7
• Molecular Weight: 477.564
• Purity: ≥95%
• Target: agonist of peripheral chemoreceptor
• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water
• Storage: 0 - 4°Cfor short term (days to weeks), or -20 °C for long term (months).
• IUPAC Name: 6-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-N,4-N-bis(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
• InChI: InChI=1S/C26H29F2N7/c1-3-13-29-24-31-25(30-14-4-2)33-26(32-24)35-17-15-34(16-18-35)23(19-5-9-21(27)10-6-19)20-7-11-22(28)12-8-20/h3-12,23H,1-2,13-18H2,(H2,29,30,31,32,33)
• InChIKey: OBDOVFRMEYHSQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• SMILES: C=CCNC1=NC(=NC(=N1)N2CCN(CC2)C(C3=CC=C(C=C3)F)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F)NCC=C

Almitrine (marketed as Duxil by Servier) is a diphenylmethylpiperazine derivative classified as a respiratory stimulant by the ATC. It enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.

Reference

1:Doppler study of the effects of inhaled nitric oxide and intravenous almitrine on regional pulmonary blood flows in patients with acute lung injury. Bouhemad B, Barbry T, Soummer A, Lu Q, Rouby JJ.Minerva Anestesiol. 2014 May;80(5):517-25. Epub 2013 Dec 4. PMID: 24299918 Free Article2:Almitrine fails to improve oxygenation during one-lung ventilation with sevoflurane anesthesia. Bermejo S, Gallart L, Silva-Costa-Gomes T, Vallès J, Aguiló R, Puig MM.J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014 Aug;28(4):919-24. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2013.03.019. Epub 2013 Sep 7. PMID: 24016684 3:Almitrine-Raubasine combination for dementia. Yang W, Liu M, Teng J, Hao Z, Wu B, Wu T, Liu GJ.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;(3):CD008068. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008068.pub2. Review. PMID: 21412915 4:Stability-indicating methods for the determination of a mixture of almitrine and raubasine by derivative spectrophotometry. El-Sayed MA.Drug Test Anal. 2009 Jun;1(6):279-85. doi: 10.1002/dta.48. PMID: 20355207 5:[Combination of thiotropium bromide with almitrine and pulmonary rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Titova ON, Ignat/’ev VA, Didur MD, Kameneva MIu, Sukhovskaia OA.Ter Arkh. 2008;80(3):28-33. Russian. PMID: 18441680 6:Nitric oxide and almitrine: the definitive answer for hypoxemia. Payen DM, Muret J.Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 1999 Feb;12(1):37-42. PMID: 17013295 7:Low- vs high-dose almitrine combined with nitric oxide to prevent hypoxia during open-chest one-lung ventilation. Silva-Costa-Gomes T, Gallart L, Vallès J, Trillo L, Minguella J, Puig MM.Br J Anaesth. 2005 Sep;95(3):410-6. Epub 2005 Jul 15. PMID: 16024585 8:Assessment of the therapeutic activity of a combination of almitrine and raubasine on functional rehabilitation following ischaemic stroke. Li S, Long J, Ma Z, Xu Z, Li J, Zhang Z.Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 Mar;20(3):409-15. PMID: 15025850 9:Treatment of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation using intravenous almitrine. Dalibon N, Moutafis M, Liu N, Law-Koune JD, Monsel S, Fischler M.Anesth Analg. 2004 Mar;98(3):590-4, table of contents. PMID: 14980903 10:Effects of almitrine bismesylate on arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and moderate hypoxaemia: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Górecka D, Sliwiński P, Pałasiewicz G, Pachocki R, Zieliński J; Almitrine Study Group..Respiration. 2003 May-Jun;70(3):275-83. PMID: 12915747