Allopurinol

• CAT Number: A000665
• CAS Number: 315-30-0
• Molecular Formula: C5H4N4O
• Molecular Weight: 136.11
• Purity: ≥95%
• Synonyms: 315-30-0; 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ol; Zyloprim; Zyloric; Lopurin
• Target: Xanthine Oxidase
• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO > 10 mM
• Storage: -20°C
• IUPAC Name: 1,5-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one
• InChI: 1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-1-8-9-4(3)6-2-7-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)
• InChIKey: OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• SMILES: C1=C2C(=NC=NC2=O)NN1

Allopurinol (Cat No.: A000665) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat gout, hyperuricemia, and kidney stones by reducing uric acid production in the body. It works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. Allopurinol is taken orally and is also used to manage uric acid levels in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Common side effects include rash, gastrointestinal upset, and liver enzyme elevations. Rarely, it can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, requiring careful monitoring during initiation.

Reference

1: Moreau B, Clement P, Theoret Y, Seidman EG. Allopurinol in combination with
thiopurine induces mucosal healing and improves clinical and metabolic outcomes
in IBD. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;10(11):819-827. doi:
10.1177/1756283X17733657. Epub 2017 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 29147133; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC5673019.

2: Dalbeth N, Nicolaou S, Baumgartner S, Hu J, Fung M, Choi HK. Presence of
monosodium urate crystal deposition by dual-energy CT in patients with gout
treated with allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Nov 16. pii:
annrheumdis-2017-212046. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212046. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 29146741.

3: Cicero AFG, Pirro M, Watts GF, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Effects
of Allopurinol on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Drugs. 2017 Nov 14. doi:
10.1007/s40265-017-0839-5. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 29139092.

4: Garritsen FM, van der Schaft J, de Graaf M, Hijnen DJ, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAF,
van den Broek MPH, de Bruin-Weller MS. Allopurinol Co-prescription Improves the
Outcome of Azathioprine Treatment in Chronic Eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017 Nov
14. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2839. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29136268.

5: Clarson LE, Hider SL, Belcher J, Roddy E, Mallen CD. Factors Influencing
Allopurinol Initiation in Primary Care. Ann Fam Med. 2017 Nov;15(6):557-560. doi:
10.1370/afm.2137. PubMed PMID: 29133496.

6: Lesinurad/allopurinol (Duzallo) for gout-associated hyperuricemia. Med Lett
Drugs Ther. 2017 Nov 6;59(1533):182-183. PubMed PMID: 29125593.

7: Singh JA, Cleveland J. Allopurinol and the risk of incident peripheral
arterial disease in the elderly: a US Medicare claims data study. Rheumatology
(Oxford). 2017 Jul 3. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex232. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 29106674.

8: Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I.
Allopurinol protects human glomerular endothelial cells from high glucose-induced
reactive oxygen species generation, p53 overexpression and endothelial
dysfunction. Int Urol Nephrol. 2017 Nov 1. doi: 10.1007/s11255-017-1733-5. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29094329.

9: Iqbal U, Siddiqui HU, Anwar H, Chaudhary A, Quadri AA. Allopurinol-Induced
Granulomatous Hepatitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Investig Med
High Impact Case Rep. 2017 Sep 8;5(3):2324709617728302. doi:
10.1177/2324709617728302. eCollection 2017 Jul-Sep. PubMed PMID: 29082266; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC5644365.

10: Oyake C, Ikeda H, Fuyama M, Watanabe T, Isoyama K. Minimum allopurinol dose
for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency. Pediatr Int. 2017
Oct;59(10):1097-1098. doi: 10.1111/ped.13350. PubMed PMID: 29081074.