Sodium nitrite is a myeloperoxidase inhibitor with IC50 of 1.3 μM.<br>Sodium nitrite is well known for its role in inhibiting the growth of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> by inhibiting iron-sulfur clusters essential to energy metabolism. Sodium nitrite slows chlorination by univalently reducing myeloperoxidase to an inactive form and as a consequence is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide. Myeloperoxidase oxidizes free tyrosine to tyrosyl radicals that exchange with tyrosyl residues in peptides. These peptide radicals then couple with nitrogen dioxide to form 3-nitrotyrosyl residues. With neutrophils, myeloperoxidase-dependent nitration required a high concentration of nitrite (1 mM), is doubled by tyrosine, and increases 4-fold by superoxide dismutase. Superoxide is likely to inhibit nitration by reacting with nitrogen dioxide and/or tyrosyl radicals.<br>Peak plasma levels of nitrite are achieved in both sexes approximately 30 min after oral exposure. The model predicts that 10% of the hemoglobin is oxidized to the ferric form after oral doses of 15.9 mg/kg in male rats and 11.0 mg/kg in female rats and after intravenous doses of 8.9 and 7.1 mg/kg in male and female rats, respectively. The t<sub>1/2 </sub> for recovery from methemoglobinemia is 60 to 120 min depending on dose and route of administration. Replacement of the V<sub>max</sub> of methemoglobin reductase with a value representative of humans predicted a 10% methemoglobinemia following an intravenous dose of 5.8 mg/kg, in close agreement with an observed value of 5.7 mg/kg for humans.
| Catalog Number | A000763 |
| CAS Number | 7632-00-0 |
| Synonyms | NA |
| Molecular Formula | NaNO2 |
| Purity | ≥95% |
| Target | myeloperoxidase |
| Storage | 3 years -20C powder |
| IUPAC Name | sodium;nitrite |
| InChI | InChI=1S/HNO2.Na/c2-1-3;/h(H,2,3);/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | N(=O)[O-].[Na+] |
