Cisplatin

• CAT Number: A000881
• CAS Number: 15663-27-1
• Molecular Formula: Cl2H6N2Pt
• Molecular Weight: 300.1
• Purity: ≥95%
• Target: Caspase
• Solubility: >15mg/mL in DMSO
• Storage: <label class=
• IUPAC Name: azane;dichloroplatinum(2+)
• InChI: InChI=1S/2ClH.2H3N.Pt/h2*1H;2*1H3;/q;;;;+2/p-2
• InChIKey: LXZZYRPGZAFOLE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
• SMILES: [Cl-][Pt+2]([NH3])([NH3])[Cl-]

Cisplatin(CAS 15663-27-1) is an inorganic platinum agent (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) with antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin forms highly reactive, charged, platinum complexes which bind to nucleophilic groups such as GC-rich sites in DNA, inducing intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links, as well as DNA-protein cross-links. These cross-links result in apoptosis and cell growth inhibition.

Overview of Clinical Research

Cisplatin is a DNA cross linking agent inhibiting DNA synthesis. It has been granted for the orphan drug status in Osteosarcoma. Eleison plans a pivotal phase II clinical trial in Small cell lung cancer in China in 2021.

Reference

1. Life Sci. 1983 Feb 14;32(7):685-90.
Minireview. The nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.
Goldstein RS, Mayor GH.
Cisplatin is a cancer chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is complicated by its dose related kidney toxicity. Since the histopathological profile of cisplatin nephrotoxicity appears similar to that of other heavy metals, it has been commonly presumed that cisplatin nephrotoxicity is related to the platinum moiety. However, the delayed time course and development of cisplatin nephrotoxicity is not characteristic of heavy metal nephropathy. Furthermore, cisplatin nephrotoxicity is stereospecific to the cis and not the trans isomer, indicating that the platinum atom is not the proximate nephrotoxicant. It is likely that a metabolite of cisplatin, possibly an aquated and/or hydroxylated complex, mediates the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin.
2. Head Neck Surg. 1981 Nov-Dec;4(2):98-110.
Clinical pharmacology of bleomycin and cisplatin.
Evans WE, Yee GC, Crom WR, Pratt CB, Green AA.
Bleomycin (Blenoxane) and cisplatin (Platinol) are two anticancer drugs with activity for head and neck tumors. Introduced into clinical use in the past ten years, bleomycin is used primarily in the chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas, and testicular carcinoma, while cisplatin is effective against testicular and ovarian carcinoma, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, and neuroblastoma. Bleomycin is rapidly excreted renally (T 1/2 beta = 2-4 hr) although enzymatic inactivation also occurs in many tissues. Cisplatin is nonenzymatically converted to highly protein-bound metabolites, which then undergo renal elimination, but total body clearance occurs much more slowly than with bleomycin (T 1/2 beta = 40-50 hr). Both agents have acute and chronic toxicities; the acute toxicities are generally reversible but cause a great deal of patient discomfort, while the chronic toxicities are often irreversible and dose-limiting. For bleomycin, the acute toxicities are mucocutaneous and pyretic, while severe nausea and vomiting represent the major acute toxicities of cisplatin therapy. Cumulative dose-related pulmonary toxicity is the most serious chronic toxicity of bleomycin. The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic presentations are nonspecific, although identification of high-risk patients may be possible with serial pulmonary function tests. Cumulative nephrotoxicity occurs with cisplatin use and its incidence and severity can be reduced by maintaining adequate hydration and diuresis during and following administration of the drug.
3. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1981 Jan-Mar;2(1):1-16.
Cisplatin: chemistry, distribution and biotransformation.
Long DF, Repta AJ.
A review of the use of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy in humans is presented. The emphasis is placed on the chemistry, in vivo distribution and biotransformation of this agent. The existing literature pertinent to the physicochemical properties of cisplatin and structure activity relationships of platinum coordination complexes is reviewed. The chemistry of this drug, both in aqueous media and in biological systems is discussed as well as current analytical methodology used for monitoring /'cisplatin levels/' in biological fluids. Recent advances in analytical methodology specific for cisplatin are also presented and recent findings in the area of the possible biotransformations of this important anticancer agent are discussed.